In Book 19 of the Odyssey, where Odysseus' early childhood is recounted, Euryclea asks the boy's grandfather Autolycus to name him.
Homer relates it to various forms of this verb in references and puns.
Ancient authors linked the name to the Greek verbs odussomai ( ὀδύσσομαι) “to be wroth against, to hate”, to oduromai ( ὀδύρομαι) “to lament, bewail”, or even to ollumi ( ὄλλυμι) “to perish, to be lost”. Some have supposed that "there may originally have been two separate figures, one called something like Odysseus, the other something like Ulixes, who were combined into one complex personality." However, the change between d and l is common also in some Indo-European and Greek names, and the Latin form is supposed to be derived from the Etruscan Uthuze (see below), which perhaps accounts for some of the phonetic innovations. In Latin, he was known as Ulixēs or (considered less correct) Ulyssēs. The form Oulixēs ( Οὐλίξης) is attested in an early source in Magna Graecia ( Ibycus, according to Diomedes Grammaticus), while the Greek grammarian Aelius Herodianus has Oulixeus ( Οὐλιξεύς). The form Ὀδυσ(σ)εύς Odys(s)eus is used starting in the epic period and through the classical period, but various other forms are also found.
Head of Odysseus from a Roman period Hellenistic marble group representing Odysseus blinding Polyphemus, found at the villa of Tiberius at Sperlonga, Italy
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